How Stem Cell Therapy Is Used in Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. One of the most prominent is stem cell therapy. Stem cells, often called the body's "master cells," can develop into other types of cells, making them an important tool in repairing, replacing, and regenerating damaged tissues. Read further to learn more about stem cell therapy and how researchers use it in regenerative medicine.

Understanding stem cells

Stem cells can change into different types of cells, such as muscle, nerve, and blood cells. This plasticity enables them to repair and renew tissues throughout the human body. There are three primary types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), and tissue-specific stem cells.

  1. Embryonic stem cells: Also known as pluripotent stem cells, these cells can become any cell. Researchers acquire embryonic stem cells from umbilical cord blood or unused embryos developed during in vitro fertilization.
  2. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS): This type of stem cell is created in a lab and resembles and acts like embryonic stem cells. Researchers use these cells to study how tissues develop and how disease affects tissue, leading to advancements in new drug and treatment development.
  3. Tissue-specific stem cells: Tissue-specific (multipotent or unipotent) stem cells are more limited than embryonic stem cells. While these cells can make new stem cells, they can only do so in the tissue they live in; for example, stem cells from bone marrow can make new blood cells and platelets but cannot make new lung stem cells.

Medical conditions that affect stem cells

Bone marrow — soft and squishy tissue at the center of some bones — is responsible for stem cells that later become blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body, while white blood cells fight infection. Platelets are responsible for clotting blood and healing wounds. When diseases affect one's bone marrow, the bone marrow cannot properly create these blood-forming stem cells. Common medical conditions that affect the formation of stem cells include anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma. 

How stem cell therapy is used in regenerative medicine

Stem cell therapy harnesses the regenerative potential of stem cells to treat a wide range of medical conditions and injuries. It offers hope to individuals with previously considered irreversible conditions, such as spinal cord injuries, arthritis, and heart disease.

Bone marrow transplants

One of the most common uses of stem cell therapy is bone marrow transplants. In this process, hematopoietic stem cells from a donor's bone marrow replace a patient's damaged or diseased blood-forming cells. Medical professionals have successfully used bone marrow transplant treatment to treat patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and other blood disorders.

Spinal cord injuries

Another use of stem cell therapy is in treating spinal cord injuries. Stem cells, often taken from the patient's own body, can be transplanted into the injured area to promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery. While this treatment needs further research, there have been promising results in animal samples and clinical trials, offering hope to individuals with severe spinal cord injuries.

Joint diseases

Stem cell therapy has also shown significant potential for treating degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into cartilage and bone cells, are being studied for their ability to repair damaged joint tissues and alleviate pain. It aims not only to improve the quality of life for patients but also to potentially delay or avoid the need for invasive joint replacement surgeries.

Cardiac regeneration

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, states that heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Paired with the fact that conventional treatment cannot always repair damaged heart tissue, cardiac regeneration aims to repair damaged heart tissue using stem cell therapy and the body's natural ability to regenerate. Cardiac stem cells can uniquely differentiate into various heart cells, including cardiomyocytes, which are the cells responsible for the heart's pumping function. Medical researchers are exploring how these cells can possibly help repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function in patients who have been diagnosed with different heart diseases, such as:

  • Heart attack (acute myocardial infarction)
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Coronary microvascular disease
  • Congestive heart failure

Beyond these specific applications, researchers are also studying how stem cell therapy may be able to treat neurological disorders, diabetes, liver diseases, and other chronic illnesses. 

How to keep stem cells healthy

There is no proven method of creating and maintaining healthy stem cells. However, healthy habits may help. These habits may include eating a diet of lean protein, vegetables, fruits, and healthy grains and limiting one's consumption of alcohol. Do not smoke or use tobacco products, as tobacco is a carcinogen that damages cells and increases cancer risk.

It is also important to practice stress management. Stress is unhealthy for the body and takes a toll, increasing the risk of developing stress-related diseases. Activities like exercising and meditation can help relieve stress levels.

Could stem cell therapy work for you?

Stem cell therapy is transforming the landscape of regenerative medicine. Its ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs offers hope to countless individuals suffering from conditions that were once considered untreatable. If you are curious if stem cell therapy could work for you, call Spine & Joint Regenerative Medicine to learn more or schedule a consultation.

Request an appointment here: https://sjrm-tn.com or call Spine & Joint Regenerative Medicine at (423) 424-1529 for an appointment in our Ooltewah office.

Check out what others are saying about our services on Yelp: Stem Cell Therapy in Ooltewah, TN.

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