What Is Degenerative Joint Disease? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Degenerative joint disease (DJD), also known as osteoarthritis, is a chronic condition that primarily affects the joints, causing gradual deterioration of cartilage and the underlying bone. It is one of the most common forms of arthritis, often associated with aging, though it can affect people of all ages. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments of DJD can help individuals manage this condition and improve their quality of life.

Symptoms of Degenerative Joint Disease

The symptoms of DJD can vary depending on the joints affected, the severity of the condition, and the individual's activity level. Common symptoms include:

1. Joint Pain: Pain in the affected joints is the hallmark symptom. It often worsens with activity and improves with rest, though pain may persist even at rest in advanced cases.
2. Stiffness: Stiffness, particularly after periods of inactivity or waking up in the morning, is another common sign. It can limit the range of motion and make daily activities difficult.
3. Swelling and Tenderness: The affected joint may appear swollen, and tenderness can occur when pressure is applied.
4. Reduced Flexibility: Over time, joint movement may become restricted, making it harder to bend, stretch, or perform routine motions.
5. Grinding Sensation: Some people experience a grating or grinding sensation in the joint due to the loss of cartilage, which acts as a cushion between bones.

Causes of Degenerative Joint Disease

The exact cause of DJD isn't always clear, but certain factors are known to contribute to its development, such as age, genetics, joint injuries, obesity, and joint overuse. 

As people age, the cartilage that cushions joints tends to wear down naturally, making osteoarthritis more common in older adults. A family history of DJD can increase the risk of developing the condition, as genetic factors can affect cartilage strength and repair mechanisms. Injuries to joints, even if they occurred years earlier, can lead to DJD. Athletes and individuals with physically demanding jobs may be more susceptible. Excess body weight puts additional pressure on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, accelerating cartilage breakdown. Repetitive stress on specific joints due to occupation or sports activities can increase the risk of degenerative changes over time.

Treatment Options for Degenerative Joint Disease

While there is no cure for DJD, various treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include:

• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen and acetaminophen are often used to reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, doctors may prescribe stronger anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections.
• Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can design an exercise program to strengthen the muscles around the joints, improve flexibility, and enhance mobility. Low-impact exercises like swimming and cycling are particularly beneficial for those with DJD.
• Weight Management: For overweight individuals, losing even a small amount of weight can reduce strain on joints, particularly in the knees, hips, and spine.
• Assistive Devices: Braces, splints, or shoe inserts can help stabilize affected joints and reduce discomfort during movement.
• Surgical Options: In advanced cases of DJD where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical interventions like joint replacement or arthroscopy may be necessary to alleviate pain and restore function.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on the joints, using proper body mechanics, and maintaining a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can also help manage symptoms.

In addition to traditional treatments, emerging therapies for degenerative joint disease are available. Regenerative medicine, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and stem cell treatments, promotes natural healing and cartilage regeneration in the affected joints. These treatments, while still under study, have shown promise in reducing pain and inflammation for some individuals. Furthermore, alternative treatments like acupuncture, massage therapy, and herbal supplements may complement standard medical care by providing additional relief from symptoms. It is important to discuss these options with a healthcare provider to ensure they are safe and appropriate for patients with a specific condition.

Get a DJD consult today

Degenerative joint disease is a common and potentially debilitating condition, but with the right combination of treatments, individuals can manage their symptoms and maintain an active lifestyle. Early diagnosis, lifestyle changes, and a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to the individual's needs can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the impact of DJD. If you experience persistent joint pain or stiffness, consult a healthcare provider to explore the best treatment options. For more information, schedule a consultation visit today at Spine & Joint Regenerative Medicine.

Request an appointment here: https://sjrm-tn.com or call Spine & Joint Regenerative Medicine at (423) 424-1529 for an appointment in our Ooltewah office.

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